What Was the Legacy That Joan Miro Left on Art
Joan Miro was a leading light in early 20th century art, developing a highly distinctive, instantly recognisable style that is more popular today than e'er. Influenced as much by Catalonian folk fine art every bit the French Surrealists. His vibrant, vitally expressive language speaks of a universal desire for individuality and freedom, particularly during the troubled state of war-time years of his prime. Recognised today equally a potent precursor to American Abstract Expressionism, his unparalleled voice remains ane of the most powerful ever to sally in the history of fine art.
Early on Years
Joan Miro was built-in in 1893 in Barcelona to a family unit of craftsmen; his begetter was a watchmaker and goldsmith, while his grandfather was a cabinetmaker. Though he demonstrated an early aptitude for drawing, Miro's parents pushed him towards a more sensible career choice, encouraging him to report at the Schoolhouse of Commerce earlier taking on an office job as a clerk.
He remained there for two years, but left after having a nervous breakup, followed by a severe tour of typhoid fever. Miro'due south family bought a subcontract in the countryside of Montroig outside Barcelona as a place of refuge for Miro, and information technology was here that he was able to find his true calling equally an artist.
Painting and Poetry
Miro began studying fine art in Barcelona in 1912, where he discovered the work of diverse advanced artists and Catalan poets, writing, "I make no distinction between painting and poetry." As a student he experimented with various techniques, including drawing "by touch" rather than sight.
His early paintings spanned various subjects including still-life, portraiture and mural, characterised by vivid colours and expressive marking-making, which revealed the influences of Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cezanne and the French Fauvist painters, combined with a dear of the naïve, vibrant language of Catalan folk art.
The Influence of Paris
Following graduation, Miro struggled to find recognition for his fine art in Barcelona. Instead, in 1920, he headed to Paris, coming together diverse Surrealist artists including Pablo Picasso, Andre Masson and Tristan Tzara, who had a profound bear upon on his do.
Post-obit his render to Montroig, Miro described how he "immediately burst into painting, the way children burst into tears." In the years that followed Miro moved between Paris and Catalonia, spending Summers in Spain and winters in Paris. But he was desperately poor and described how he sometimes "saw shapes on the ceiling" following bouts of extreme hunger, which would make their way into his paintings.
Finding Success
In Paris, Miro became associated with the Surrealist group, often taking part in their organised group shows, although he refused to sign their manifestos, preferring to remain slightly apart. Nevertheless, the imagery in his art reflected the "pure psychic automatism" of Surrealist thought, with child-like, biomorphic forms suggesting dreamy, unconscious states of mind. His paintings grew increasingly abstract over time, featuring brightly coloured, geometric shapes and simple linear designs over hazy, painterly backgrounds.
After marrying Pilar Juncosa in 1929 and having a kid, his art grew always more popular, selling in France and the Us, while he branched out into a wider range of media, including printmaking, sculpture and collage.
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The success of Miro's career was brought to an abrupt end by the global low and in 1932 he moved with his family back to Barcelona. A menstruum of dramatic political instability followed – the Spanish civil state of war broke out in 1936, followed by the outbreak of the Second World War. Miro and his family somewhen made their mode to Mallorca, although he was deeply unhappy, commenting, "I was very pessimistic. I felt that everything was lost." In response, he made small, nighttime works on paper, titled Constellations, 1939-41, capturing the star filled night sky as a symbol of his desire for open infinite and liberty from war.
Subsequently Years
The Museum of Mod Art in New York hosted a major retrospective of Miro'southward work in 1941, and following the end of the war, Miro's popularity and influence spread across the Us, leading to his huge mural commission in Cincinnati in 1947.
Returning to live between France and Kingdom of spain, Miro branched out into new media in the 1950s and 60s including printmaking and sculpture, while a series of retrospectives, awards and honours celebrated the depth and breadth of his legacy. By the time of his death in 1983, Miro'due south identify in art history equally an international, Modernist master was already set.
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Did you lot Know?
Miro'southward first solo exhibition at the Dalmau Gallery in Barcelona was ridiculed by critics and the public, while some visitors even vandalised his artworks, prompting Miro to get out Spain for Paris.
Given this early on bad reception, Miro adult a dislike for fine art critics, describing them every bit "more than concerned with beingness philosophers than anything else. They class a preconceived opinion, then look at the work of art. Painting but serves every bit a cloak for their emaciated philosophical systems."
Writer Ernest Hemingway was a huge fan of Miro's paintings and bought ane of Miro's artworks, La Masia, 1921-22, as a gift for his wife. Both Hemingway and his friend were keen on the same painting, depicting a subcontract in Catalonia, then they rolled a dice to see who would become it.
methods for making art, including finger painting, rubbing with his fists, and even stamping on the canvas with his blank feet – footprints are just visible in his painting Toile Brulee, 1973.
Miro and his Surrealist contemporaries were greatly influenced by the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud and attempted to induce altered states of mind to find subject area affair for their paintings, including experimenting with "hallucinations of hunger."
Miro merely just escaped German language forces in France during the outbreak of World War Ii. Living in Varengeville, he and his family caught the last train to Paris, and found infinite on the final train out of Paris into Espana.
In relation to his fantastically Surreal later paintings, which feature biomorphic, ambiguous forms, art historians defined the term "miromorphosis."
Miro designed a tapestry for the Globe Trade Eye in New York in collaboration with Josep Royo, titled the World Merchandise Center Tapestry. Sadly, the tapestry was ane of many artworks to exist destroyed in the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
The Fundacio Joan Miro, in the Parc de Montjuic in Barcelona, was founded in 1975 and houses a vast array of Miro's artworks, including 217 paintings, 178 sculptures, 9 textiles and over viii,000 drawings.
Miro was astonishingly prolific and left behind a staggering body of piece of work, including around 2,000 paintings, 500 sculptures, 400 ceramics, 5,000 drawings and over 1,000 prints, which be in public and private art collections all around the earth. He likewise made ceramics, murals and tapestries, and even designed costumes and props for the ballet, working well into his later years.
Source: https://www.thecollector.com/joan-miro/
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